A inteligibilidade da palavra em igrejas católicas, através de análises de carácter objectivo e subjectivo
Lencastre, Margarida Maria Mendes de Freitas de Queiroz e
1988-01-01
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Humans are on the verge of losing their status as the sole economic species on the planet. In private laboratories and in the Internet laboratory, researchers and developers are creating a variety of autonomous economically motivated software agents endowed with algorithms for maximizing profit or utility. Many economic software agents will function as miniature businesses, purchasing information inputs from other agents, combining and refining them into information goods and services, and selling them to humans or other agents. Their mutual interactions will form the information economy: a complex economic web of information goods and services that will adapt to the ever-changing needs of people and agents. The information economy will be the largest multiagent system ever conceived and an integral part of the world's economy. I discu...
Commerce in information goods is one of the earliest emerging applications for intelligent agents in commerce. However, the fundamental characteristics of information goods mean that they can and likely will be offered in widely varying configurations. Participating agents will need to deal with uncertainty about both prices and location in multi-dimensional product space. Thus, studying the behavior of learning agents is central to understanding and designing for agent-based information economies. Since uncertainty will exist on both sides of transactions, and interactions between learning agents that are negotiating and transacting with other learning agents may lead to unexpected dynamics, it is important to study two-sided learning.
We present a simple but powerful model of an information bundling economy with a single producer an...
There is legitimate concern that, within the next few years, the Internet will provide a fertile medium for new breeds of computer viruses capable of spreading orders of magnitude faster than they do today. To counter this threat, we have developed an immune system for computers that senses the presence of a previously unknown, pathogen, and then within minutes automatically derives and deploys a prescription for detecting and removing it. The system is being integrated with a commercial anti-virus product, IBM AntiVirus, and is expected to be offered as a pilot in late 1997.
We introduce a novel power capping technique, IdleCap, that achieves higher effective server frequency for a given power constraint than existing techniques. IdleCap works by repeatedly alternating between the highest performance state and a low-power idle state, maintaining a fixed average power budget, while significantly increasing the average processor frequency. In experiments conducted on an IBM BladeCenter HS21 server across three representative workloads, IdleCap reduces the mean response time by up to a factor of 3 when compared to power capping using clock-throttling. Furthermore, we argue how IdleCap applies to next-generation servers using DVFS and advanced idle states.
Markets for digital information goods provide the possibility of exploring new and more complex pricing schemes, due to information goods' flexibility and negligible marginal cost. In this paper we compare the dynamic performance of price schedules of varying complexity under two different specifications of consumer demand shifts.
In an economy in which a producer must learn the preferences of a consumer population, it is faced with a classic decision problem: when to explore and when to exploit. If the producer has a limited number of chances to experiment, it must explicitly consider the cost of learning (in terms of foregone profit) against the value of the information acquired. Information goods add an additional dimension to this problem; due to their flexibility, they can be bundled and priced according to a number of different price schedules. An optimizing producer should consider the profit each price schedule can extract, as well as the difficulty of learning of this schedule.
In this paper, we demonstrate the tradeoff between complexity and profitability for a number of common price schedules. We begin with a one-shot decision as to which schedule to...
We explore a scenario in which a monopolist producer of information goods seeks to maximize its profits in a market where consumer demand shifts frequently and unpredictably. The producer is free to set an arbitrarily complex price schedule-a function that maps the set of purchased items to a price-but without direct knowledge of consumer demand it cannot compute the optimal schedule. Instead, it must employ a form of optimization based on trial and error. By means of a simple model of consumer demand and a modified version of a simple nonlinear optimization routine, we study a variety of parameterizations of the price schedule and quantity some of the relationships among learnability, complexity, and profitability. In particular, we show that fixed pricing or simple two-parameter dynamic pricing schedules are preferred when consumer d...
