Educação matemática pela arte
Gusmão, Lucimar Donizete
2013-08-28
Search results
57 records were found.
Weitzman (1976) provides a foundation for net national product of a competitive economy as the annuity equivalent of the present discounted value of maximized consumption. This paper considers how Weitzman's rule should be modified if the competitive equilibrium is affected by the presence of market distortions. The paper first examines the model with external effects of capital in which there are spillovers of knowledge. The paper also studies the model with policy interventions where the policy maker seeks the second best allocation. The central concern of the paper is to elucidate the factors that generate a divergence between net national product and the welfare equivalence of maximized consumption. In discussing each model, the paper presents a typical example that has been widely discussed in the literature.
This paper extends the standard overlapping generations model of capital accumulation by introducing consumption externalities. It is assumed that each generation's felicity depends on the social level of benchmark consumption as well as on its own consumption. Since the benchmark consumption is represented by the average consumption of all agents, the contemporaneous consumption externalities are determined by both intragenerational and intergenerational interactions among the consumers. Given this setting, we show that even in a simple model with a logarithmic utility function, the presence of consumption externalities may significantly affect the dynamic behavior and steady-state characterization of the economy. We also reveal that the same conclusion holds in an endogenous growth model in which production externalities sustain cont...
By examining two-sector models of endogenous growth with physical and human capital, this paper demonstrates that indeterminacy of equilibrium may emerge even in the absence of social increasing returns. The first model we examine assumes that both final good and new human capital production sectors employ physical as well as human capital under social constant returns but private decreasing returns due to the presence of sector-specific externalities. It is shown
that a small divergence between private and social factor intensity conditions generates indeterminacy of equilibrium rather easily even under constant returns. I addition, we show that introducing endogenous labor supply may enhance the possibility of indeterminacy. Some extensions and intuitive interpretation of the indeterminacy conditions are also presented.
This paper explores the effect of monetary policy on the speed of convergence. Using a neoclassical monetary growth model with a cash-in-advance constraint, we conduct numerical evaluation of the effect of changes in the growth rate of money supply on the converging speed of the economy. We find that, in contrast to fiscal actions, a change in monetary policy may produce little impact on the converging speed. This result indicates that the growth effect of inflation established in the theoretical models of money and growth would be extremely small, if we evaluated it quantitatively.
This paper demonstrates that preference structure may play a pivotal role in generating indeterminacy in the stylized model of endogenous growth. By examining two-sector models
of endogenous growth with human capital formation, we show that if the utility function of the representative family is not additively separable between consumption and pure leisure
time, indeterminacy may hold even if production technologies satisfy social constant returns. We also examine models with quality leisure in which leisure activities require human capital as well as time. In contrast to the pure-leisure time model, we find that the quality-leisure time model generally needs increasing returns to scale technologies to generate indeterminacy. It is also shown that nonseparability of utility function is crucial for generating indeterminacy
in the qualit...
This paper investigates a two-country model of capital accumulation with country-specific production externalities. The main concern of our discussion is to explore the presence of equilibrium indeterminacy in an open-economy setting. In contrast to the existing studies on equilibrium indeterminacy in small-open economies, the present paper demonstrates that opening up international trade and financial interactions between two counties does not necessarily enhance the possibility of indeterminacy of equilibrium. It is shown that the results depend heavily upon not only on the degree of external increasing returns but also on the preference structures.
This paper explores a class of Stackelberg differential games in which the open-loop strategies of the leader satisfies time consistency. We show that in this class of games the open-loop equilibrium coincides with the corresponding feedback equilibrium. The analytical framework used in this paper involves the models examined by the several recent contributions to the time consistency issue as special cases.
