A inteligibilidade da palavra em igrejas católicas, através de análises de carácter objectivo e subjectivo
Lencastre, Margarida Maria Mendes de Freitas de Queiroz e
1988-01-01
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Research has suggested that exposure to psychological trauma is associated with increased abuse of
psychoactive substances, particularly alcohol. To assess this, we analyzed alcohol consumption, binge drinking,
and alcohol dependence among a random sample of 1681 New York City adults 1 year and 2 years after the
September 11 attacks. In multivariate models controlling for demographic factors, other stressor exposures, social
psychological resources, and history of anti-social behavior, we found that greater exposure to the World Trade
Center disaster (WTCD) was associated with greater alcohol consumption at 1 year and 2 years after this event. In
addition, our analyses also indicated that exposure to the WTCD was associated with binge drinking at 1 year after
but not 2 years after this event. Alcohol dependence, assessed as present in ...
Preliminary research suggests that naloxone (Narcan), a short-acting opiate
antagonist, could be provided by prescription or distribution to heroin users to reduce
the likelihood of fatality from overdose. We conducted a random postal survey of
1,100 prescription-authorized health care providers in New York City to determine
willingness to prescribe naloxone to patients at risk of an opiate overdose. Among
363 nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants responding, 33.4% would
consider prescribing naloxone, and 29.4% were unsure. This preliminary study suggests
that a substantial number of New York City health care providers would prescribe
naloxone for opiate overdose prevention.
Objective: After the September 11 terrorist attacks, many adults and
children received counseling. The authors assessed the prevalence and
correlates of counseling for experiences related to the disaster received
by children aged four to 18 years living in Manhattan. Methods:
From a representative sample of 1,008 adult residents of Manhattan
who were living below 110th Street five to eight weeks after the attacks,
the authors interviewed 112 parents or primary caretakers about
their child’s level of exposure to the disaster, the extent of loss, receipt
of counseling services, and behavioral reaction. Results: Overall, 22
percent of the children had received some form of counseling related
to their experiences after the disaster. More than half of the counseling
received (58 percent) was delivered in schools. Predictors of counseling
in...
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, recreational use of ecstasy has
become a growing concern in the United States, although most studies
assessing ecstasy use have focused on white, middle-class adolescents who
use ecstasy during raves and in clubs. We assessed the prevalence of
recent ecstasy use among predominantly minority heroin, cocaine, and
crack users in New York City and the association between ecstasy and
sexual risk above and beyond that of the other drugs. Between 2002
and 2004, injection and non-injection heroin, crack and cocaine users
(N = 534) completed a risk behavior questionnaire that included items
on ecstasy use. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relation
between current ecstasy use and sexual behaviors. Of 534 illicit drug
users, 69.7% were aged 25 years or older, 65.2% were Hispanic, 27.9%
Black and 7...
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) rates are higher in non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) than general population estimates. Whether this
elevated HCV rate is due to drug use or other putative risk behaviors remains unclear.
Methods: Recent non-injection drug users of heroin, crack and/or cocaine were street-recruited from 2000 to 2003 and underwent an interview
and venipuncture for HCV antibody assays. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess correlates for HCV infection.
Results: Of 740 enrollees, 3.9% were HCV positive. The median age (intraquartile range) was 30 (35–24) years, 70% were male and 90%
were Black or Hispanic. After adjustment, HCV seropositives were significantly more likely than seronegatives to be older than 30 [adjusted
odds ratio (AOR) = 5.71], tattooed by a friend/relative/acquaintance [AOR= 3.61] ...
Objective: Across the US, firearms are used in approximately 60% of all suicide deaths. Little research has
assessed the role and determinants of firearms in suicide in major urban areas.
Methods: The authors collected data on all suicide deaths between 1990 and 2000 from the Office of the
Chief Medical Examiner of New York City (NYC) and assessed trends and correlates of firearm related
suicide deaths.
Results: During the period studied, there were a total of 6008 suicides in NYC; 1200 (20.0%) were firearm
related suicides. There was a decrease in total suicides, total firearm suicides, and the proportion of
firearm related suicides. In multivariable modeling, characteristics of suicide decedents associated with a
greater likelihood of firearm suicide were: male, black race, residing in the outer boroughs, and use of
cannabis.
Conclus...
Over the past two decades, public health research has emphasized the role
of individual risk behaviors, primarily injection and sexual risk behaviors, in the
spread of HIV infection. Much less emphasis has been given to understanding the
determinants of these risk behaviors. Although individual characteristics are partly
responsible for risky injection and sexual behaviors, they do not explain all the interpersonal
variability in risk behavior. Contextual factors associated with HIV risk behavior
may include structural factors (e.g., availability of services), social norms and
attitudes (e.g., social trust), disadvantage (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic status),
and features of the physical environment (e.g., housing quality). This article presents
a conceptual framework that incorporates some of the key contextual domains that
may af...
